Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czech Republic. It was an Imperial State in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Bohemian king was a prince-elector of the empire. The kings of Bohemia, besides the region of Bohemia correct itself, additionally ruled other lands belonging to the Bohemian Crown, which at various occasions included Moravia, Silesia, Lusatia, and parts of Saxony, Brandenburg, and sex Bavaria. The kingdom was established by the Přemyslid dynasty in the 12th century from the Duchy of Bohemia, sex later dominated by the House of Luxembourg, the Jagiellonian dynasty, and from 1526 the House of Habsburg and its successor, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. Numerous kings of Bohemia had been also elected Holy Roman Emperors, and the capital, Prague, was the imperial seat within the late 14th century, and once more at the top of the 16th and the start of the 17th centuries. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the territory grew to become a part of the Habsburg Austrian Empire, and subsequently the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867. Bohemia retained its identify and formal status as a separate Kingdom of Bohemia until 1918, often called a crown land within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, meet women and its capital Prague was one of many empire's main cities. This a rticle was created by GSA C ontent Ge nerato r DEMO!
Diet and the nobility until 1627 (after the Bohemian Revolt was suppressed). German was then formally made equal with Czech and eventually prevailed as the language of the Diet until the Czech National Revival in the nineteenth century. German was also broadly used as the language of administration in many towns after the Germans immigrated and populated some areas of the country in the thirteenth century. The royal court used the Czech, Latin, and German languages, depending on the ruler and period. Following the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I, love both the Kingdom and Empire have been dissolved. Bohemia grew to become the core part of the newly formed Czechoslovak Republic. Although some former rulers of Bohemia had loved a non-hereditary royal title throughout the eleventh and 12th centuries (Vratislaus II, Vladislaus II), the kingdom was formally established in 1198 by Přemysl Ottokar I, who had his standing acknowledged by Philip of Swabia, elected King of the Romans, in return for his support in opposition to the rival Emperor Otto IV.
In 1204 Ottokar's royal status was accepted by Otto IV in addition to by Pope Innocent III. It was officially recognized in 1212 by the Golden Bull of Sicily issued by Emperor Frederick II, elevating the Duchy of Bohemia to Kingdom standing and proclaiming its independence which was also later bolstered by future king of Bohemia and emperor Charles IV. Under these terms, the Czech king was to be exempt from all future obligations to the Holy Roman Empire except for participation within the imperial councils. The imperial prerogative to ratify each Bohemian ruler and to appoint the bishop of Prague was revoked. The king's successor was his son Wenceslaus I, from his second marriage. Wenceslaus I's sister Agnes, later canonized, refused to marry the Holy Roman Emperor and instead devoted her life to spiritual works. Corresponding with the Pope, she established the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star in 1233, the first military order in the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Four different navy orders were current in Bohemia: the Order of St. John of Jerusalem from c. 1160; the Order of Saint Lazarus from the late twelfth century; the Teutonic Order from c. The 13th century was the most dynamic period of the Přemyslid reign over Bohemia. German Emperor Frederick II's preoccupation with Mediterranean affairs and the dynastic struggles often known as the great Interregnum (1254-73) weakened imperial authority in Central Europe, thus providing opportunities for Přemyslid assertiveness. At the identical time, the Mongol invasions (1220-42) absorbed the eye of Bohemia's jap neighbors, Hungary and Poland. Přemysl Ottokar II (1253-78) married a German princess, Margaret of Babenberg, and grew to become duke of Austria. He thereby acquired Upper Austria, Lower Austria, and a part of Styria. He conquered the rest of Styria, most of Carinthia, and components of Carniola. He was known as "the king of iron and gold" (iron due to his conquests, gold because of his wealth). He campaigned as far as Prussia, where he defeated the pagan natives and in 1256, based a metropolis he named Královec in Czech, love; t.antj.link, which later turned Königsberg (now Kaliningrad).
In 1260, Ottokar defeated Béla IV, king of Hungary within the Battle of Kressenbrunn near the Morava river, where greater than 200,000 males clashed. He dominated an area from Austria to the Adriatic Sea. From 1273, nevertheless, Habsburg king Rudolf started to reassert imperial authority, checking Ottokar's energy. He additionally had issues with rebellious nobility in Bohemia. All of Ottokar's German possessions had been misplaced in 1276, and in 1278 he was abandoned by a part of the Czech nobility and died within the Battle on the Marchfeld against Rudolf. Ottokar was succeeded by his son King Wenceslaus II, who was crowned King of Poland in 1300. Wenceslaus II's son Wenceslaus III was crowned King of Hungary a 12 months later. Right now, the Kings of Bohemia dominated from Hungary to the Baltic Sea. The 13th century was also a period of massive-scale German immigration, throughout the Ostsiedlung, typically encouraged by the Přemyslid kings.