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Tobacco is the frequent identify of a number of plants in the genus Nicotiana of the household Solanaceae, and the final time period for any product ready from the cured leaves of these plants. Greater than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the chief commercial crop is N. tabacum. The extra potent variant N. rustica is also utilized in some nations. Dried tobacco leaves are mainly used for smoking in cigarettes and cigars, in addition to pipes and shishas. They may also be consumed as snuff, chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, and snus. Tobacco contains the highly addictive stimulant alkaloid nicotine as well as harmala alkaloids. Tobacco use is a cause or risk issue for many deadly diseases, especially these affecting the center, liver, and lungs, as well as many cancers. In 2008, the World Well being Group named tobacco use as the world's single best preventable cause of dying. The English phrase tobacco originates from the Spanish word "tabaco".
The precise origin of this phrase is disputed, but it is usually thought to have derived, at the least in part, from Taíno, the Arawakan language of the Caribbean. In Taíno, it was said to mean either a roll of tobacco leaves (according to Bartolomé de las Casas, 1552), or to tabago, a kind of L-shaped pipe used for sniffing tobacco smoke (based on Oviedo, with the leaves themselves being referred to as cohiba). Nevertheless, perhaps coincidentally, comparable words in Spanish, Portuguese and Italian had been used from 1410 for sure medicinal herbs. These most likely derived from the Arabic طُبّاق ṭubbāq (also طُباق ṭubāq), a word reportedly dating to the ninth century, referring to various herbs. Tobacco has long been used within the Americas, with some cultivation websites in Mexico courting back to 1400-one thousand BC. Many Native American tribes traditionally grow and use tobacco. Historically, individuals from the Northeast Woodlands cultures have carried tobacco in pouches as a readily accepted commerce item.
It was smoked each socially and ceremonially, similar to to seal a peace treaty or commerce settlement. In some Native cultures, tobacco is seen as a present from the Creator, with the ceremonial tobacco smoke carrying one's thoughts and prayers to the Creator. Following the arrival of the Europeans to the Americas, tobacco grew to become more and more widespread as a commerce item. Hernández de Boncalo, Spanish chronicler of the Indies, was the primary European to carry tobacco seeds to the Old World in 1559 following orders of King Philip II of Spain. These seeds had been planted within the outskirts of Toledo, extra specifically in an area referred to as "Los Cigarrales" named after the steady plagues of cicadas (cigarras in Spanish). Earlier than the development of the lighter Virginia and white burley strains of tobacco, the smoke was too harsh to be inhaled. Small quantities were smoked at a time, utilizing a pipe just like the midwakh or kiseru, or newly invented waterpipes such because the bong or the hookah (see thuốc lào for a fashionable continuance of this apply). Content h as been gen erat ed by GSA Content Generat or DEMO .
Tobacco became so widespread that the English colony of Jamestown used it as currency and started exporting it as a cash crop; tobacco is usually credited as being the export that saved Virginia from ruin. The alleged advantages of tobacco also contributed to its success. Tobacco has been a major money crop in Cuba and in different elements of the Caribbean because the 18th century. Cuban cigars are world-famous. Within the late nineteenth century, cigarettes turned in style. James Bonsack invented a machine to automate cigarette production. This increase in manufacturing allowed super growth in the tobacco trade until the well being revelations of the late twentieth century. Following the scientific revelations of the mid-20th century, tobacco was condemned as a health hazard, and ultimately became acknowledged as a trigger of most cancers, as well as different respiratory and circulatory diseases. In the United States, this led to the adoption of the 1998 Tobacco Master Settlement Settlement, which settled the many lawsuits by the U.S.