At least half of a person's susceptibility to drug addiction can be linked to genetic factors. Presenters at an April 8 congressional hearing outlined new research on the genetic basis for addiction and recommended ways to incorporate those findings into treatment. The hearing was organized by APA's Science Government Relations Office. Researchers first need to overcome public misunderstanding and distrust regarding genetic testing. That means physicians and the public need to better understand the interactions between genetics and addiction, said Alexandra Shields, PhD, director of the Harvard University/Massachusetts General Hospital Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations and Health Disparities. According to a national survey, only 5 percent of primary-care physicians feel confident in their ability to interpret genetic tests, and only 4 percent would feel confident suggesting treatment based on genetics. There are very good reasons for physicians to pay attention to the impact advances in genetic testing are likely to have on their ability to treat patients, said Nora Volkow, MD, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
With new data quickly piling up, physicians might soon be able to incorporate genetic tests in their practice, allowing them to better match specific treatments to individuals. For example, Volkow explained that the number of a certain type of dopamine receptor, known as D2, might someday be used to predict whether someone will become addicted to alcohol, cocaine and Deals heroin. Brain imaging suggests that people with fewer D2 receptors are more likely to become addicted than those with many of the receptors--and how many of these receptors people have is, in part, genetically determined. Of course, environmental factors also play a role, decordeals.shop so propensity isn't destiny, Volkow added. First a person has to experiment with drugs, then he or she has to repeatedly use them. At that point, genetic vulnerability helps determine who winds up addicted. When it comes to tobacco, genetics account for about 75 percent of a person's inclination to begin smoking, said University of Pennsylvania psychologist Caryn Lerman, PhD. Genes also account for 60 percent of the tendency to become addicted and 54 percent of one's ability to quit. Because not all smokers are created equal, it's possible to look at genetic factors to determine the best way to quit. The genetically determined speed at which the body can metabolize nicotine, for example, decordeals.shop makes a difference as to whether a nicotine patch or a nicotine nasal spray will work better long term.
Jedediah Sanger (February 28, 1751 - June 6, 1829) was the founder of the town of New Hartford, New York, United States. He was a native of Sherborn, Massachusetts, and the ninth child of Richard and Deborah Sanger, a prominent colonial New England family. During the Revolutionary War he attained the rank of 1st Lieutenant having fought in the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the Battle of Bunker Hill, the Siege of Boston (1776), and during the New York Campaign. After the war, he settled in Jaffrey, New Hampshire, where he began farming, trading, and running a tavern. He was involved in several civic activities and was appointed Lt. Colonel of the New Hampshire militia. After a fire destroyed his property, leaving him bankrupt, he started over in the frontier of New York. Sanger settled in what was then called Whitestown. He became a land agent or speculator, buying large tracts of land on both sides of Sauquoit Creek and Amazon Beauty reselling smaller lots.
He was involved in land transactions, one of which involved George Washington, for the area that would become New Hartford, New York. Between 1789 and 1820, he operated a paper mill, grist mill, and saw mill there. He also purchased land at Sangerfield, Skaneateles, Chittenango, and Weedsport; He established mills in some of these towns. To facilitate travel between the settlements, Sanger was an investor in the Seneca and Chenango Turnpikes (now New York State Route 12). Sanger gave his name to a town, Sangerfield, New York, a Masonic lodge, and other places in New York. He is noted as the first settler and founder of New Hartford through two historical markers. Among his various business pursuits, he was engaged in agriculture and manufacturing. He was a town supervisor, county judge, and state assemblyman and senator. He helped establish churches and a school. 273 Deborah (née Morse) Sanger and Richard Sanger III (1706-1786), who married c. 1729. Like the colonial Sanger men before him, his father plied his trade as a blacksmith. A???rticle w as cre ated by GSA C ontent G ener ator Dem ov ersion!
Sanger III was also a successful businessman who inherited a sizable fortune from his father in 1731, which he enlarged through a lucrative trading business in Boston, real estate speculation in Maine, and the operation of a store and tavern in Sherborn. The family, one of the most prominent in Sherborn's history, lived in the Richard Sanger III House, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was built by his father, Richard Sanger III, c. Sanger was educated in the local schools and worked on a farm. He may have learned the saddler's trade and worked in that business in Sherborn. Sanger served in the American Revolutionary War, from 1775 to 1781. In his first five days service, in April 1775, he rose from the rank of private in Captain Benjamin Bullard's Company of Minutemen to 2nd Lieutenant in the 1st Massachusetts Regiment. Sanger moved to Jaffrey, New Hampshire, in Cheshire County, after his military service.